3.4.1 Silicon Bottom Cell Simulation

• Develop advanced simulation capabilities that can provide accurate representation of the opto-electrical characteristics based on the empirical values of material properties, and in-depth loss analysis.

• Simulate the complex performance trade-offs such as those between parasitic absorption, conductivity, surface recombination, and carrier collection efficiency.

• Work with developers of simulations tools such as Sentaurus, Sunsolve and Quokka3, with features developed specifically for PV applications to further extend capabilities toward improved monolithic tandem optical and electrical simulations.